| Roof type | Low-slope membrane or built-up | Steel panels, exposed or standing seam | Any system with an unknown source | Plant and shop roofs with equipment |
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| What you see | Ponding, splits, open seams | Rust streaks, loose screws, drips at laps | Stains that move or come and go | Wear at fan curbs and walk paths |
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| First check | Drains and flashing heights | Fastener rows and panel laps | Ceiling marks matched to the roof | Curbs, ducts, and exhaust residue |
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| Typical repair | Matching patch, drain rebuild, base flashing | Oversized screws, sealed laps, new panels | Repair at the confirmed entry point | Curb flashing, rated membrane, walkway pads |
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| Roof access | Hatch, ladder, or lift | Ladder or lift to the eave | Inside and on the roof | Hatch with plant escort |
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| Work around | Tenants and rooftop service traffic | Stock and equipment under the panels | Ceilings, finishes, and inventory | Production lines and hot work rules |
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